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English for IT: Advanced course

60 lessons built around real work in IT — from introducing yourself to a new team to pitching your own app. Every lesson brings new words, recordings to listen to and grammar in context, and words from earlier lessons keep coming back so you don't forget them.

Perhorește-ți cariera tehnică și comunică la nivelul C1–C2 cu cursul „Engleză pentru IT” de la englishschool.pro, creat special pentru ingineri seniori, lideri de echipă și CTO. Învață să conduci strategii, să negociezi și să stăpânești nuanțele limbajului de afaceri și tehnologic.

Выведите свою ИТ-карьеру на глобальный уровень и общайтесь на уровне C1–C2 с курсом «Английский для IT» от englishschool.pro, созданным для синьоров, тимлидов и CTO. Учитесь управлять технологической стратегией, вести переговоры и владеть тончайшими нюансами делового языка.

60 lessons10 units1,346 words to learnCEFR C1 → C2
Unit 1

Setting technical strategy

Lesson1

Writing a technology strategy

Grammar reviewThe toolkit of formal writing (review): nominalisation, the passive, hedging and cohesion

24 new words: technology strategy, guiding policy, diagnosis, coherent action, strategic intent, north star…

technology strategyguiding policydiagnosiscoherent actionstrategic intentnorth staroperating modelcapability gaptarget statecurrent statetransition plantime horizonto articulate a visionto operationalizestrategic coherencefirst principlescruxleverage pointto concentrate effortresource allocationfluffaspirationalsense-makingstrategic drift

Lesson2

Build, buy or partner?

New grammarNoun clauses as subjects and objects: the fact that…, whether…, what…, how… (What worries me is whether…) Regula →Правило →

21 new words: build-versus-buy, off-the-shelf, bespoke, core competency, commodity capability, to insource…

build-versus-buyoff-the-shelfbespokecore competencycommodity capabilityto insourceintegration taxswitching coststrategic partnershipjoint ventureto co-developroad-testto deriskundifferentiated heavy liftingmake-or-breakopportunity windowto reinvent the wheelto future-gazewholesalesourcing decisionvendor dependency

Lesson3

Bets and time horizons

New grammarThe formal future: be to, be expected to, be slated to, be poised to, be on the verge of, be destined to Regula →Правило →

24 new words: three horizons, core business, adjacent market, transformational bet, option value, to place a bet…

three horizonscore businessadjacent markettransformational betoption valueto place a bethedgeasymmetric betdownside protectionoptionalityto sunset graduallybridge technologyto front-runto be slated toon the verge ofto be destined tolong-range planningscenario planningdiscontinuityweak signalsecond-order effecthorizon scanningto stress-test assumptionsforesight

Lesson4

Saying no to the CEO

New grammarStance and viewpoint adverbials: frankly, ironically, tellingly, understandably, technically speaking, from a legal standpoint Regula →Правило →

24 new words: to speak truth to power, principled stand, to dig in your heels, unpopular opinion, to stake your reputation on, to fall on your sword…

to speak truth to powerprincipled standto dig in your heelsunpopular opinionto stake your reputation onto fall on your swordto toe the lineyes-manexecutive whimto temper expectationsreality checkto talk someone downtrade-off conversationfranklyironicallytellinglyunderstandablytechnically speakingto level with someoneto choose your battleshill to die onto concede the pointface-savingolive branch

Lesson5

The strategy offsite

SkillsUseful phrases for leading a strategic discussion: framing, steering, parking, converging (Let me frame the question…, Can we park that?, Where are we converging?)

23 new words: facilitator role, to frame the question, to steer a discussion, to park an issue, to converge, to diverge…

facilitator roleto frame the questionto steer a discussionto park an issueto convergeto divergebreakout groupstraw manto pressure-testto synthesizeworking hypothesispre-readground rulesto reach closureto timebox a debatealignment sessionto surface disagreementto call the questionto land the planetangentto rein insilent brainstormingto capture actions

Lesson6

Revise and check: the strategy memo

Grammar reviewReview: noun clauses, the formal future, stance adverbials, strategic discussion phrases

24 new words: strategy memo, executive narrative, six-pager, to circulate for comment, crisp prose, key bet…

strategy memoexecutive narrativesix-pagerto circulate for commentcrisp prosekey betto commit publiclynon-obviouscounterintuitive insightto anticipate pushbackappendix materialtenetto codifylodestarcascade briefingtown hallto rally the troopsrallying crybuy-in strategyto make it stickfollow-through planstaying powerto re-baselineto revisit annually

Unit 2

Scaling the engineering organization

Lesson7

From 20 to 200 engineers

New grammarAdvanced comparison: every bit as…, nowhere near as…, a far cry from…, more of a… than a…, twice the size of Regula →Правило →

23 new words: hypergrowth, hiring spree, span of attention, coordination cost, communication overhead, Conway's law…

hypergrowthhiring spreespan of attentioncoordination costcommunication overheadConway's lawto codify practicesgrowing headcountdilution of cultureto professionalizestartup scrappinessprocess debtto formalizelayer of managementflat hierarchyto split a teamteam size capscaling bottleneckto institutionalizea far cry fromnowhere nearevery bit assecond-system effect

Lesson8

Team structures and topologies

New grammarComplex prepositions: in view of, with regard to, by virtue of, in light of, notwithstanding, on behalf of, in the wake of Regula →Правило →

24 new words: team topology, stream-aligned team, enabling team, complicated-subsystem team, platform team, interaction mode…

team topologystream-aligned teamenabling teamcomplicated-subsystem teamplatform teaminteraction modeX-as-a-servicecognitive loadteam APIfracture planereverse Conway maneuvermatrix organizationdotted linesolid linechapter leadguildsquadtribereporting structurein view ofby virtue ofnotwithstandingin the wake ofwith regard to

Lesson9

Career ladders and promotions

New grammarPreparatory "it" as object: make it clear that…, find it hard to…, consider it essential to…, owe it to…, take it for granted that… Regula →Правило →

24 new words: career ladder framework, engineering ladder, dual-track career, scope of impact, calibration meeting, promotion packet…

career ladder frameworkengineering ladderdual-track careerscope of impactcalibration meetingpromotion packetpromotion committeeglue workinvisible workto be passed overto plateau in your careerterminal levelexpectations rubricevidence of impactto take something for grantedto owe it to someonepromotion cyclestaff-plusengineering archetypetech lead managerlevel expectationsup-or-outto outgrow a rolecareer capital

Lesson10

Reorganizations and layoffs

New grammarCriticism and annoyance with modal perfects: you might have told me, could at least have…, should have known better, needn't have… Regula →Правило →

22 new words: reorganization, layoff, reduction in force, redundancy package, severance, to let someone go…

reorganizationlayoffreduction in forceredundancy packageseveranceto let someone goto be laid offsurvivor guiltrumor milltown hall Q&Aoutplacementto consolidate teamsspan reductionto eliminate a roleredeploymentgarden leaveto handle with dignityto communicate transparentlymorale dipattritionregrettable attritionto cushion the impact

Unit 3

Platform engineering and developer experience

Unit 4

Data, privacy and the law

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Lesson21

Data contracts and lineage

New grammarComplex noun phrases: postmodification and apposition (the decision, taken last spring, to replace…; Ava, our head of data, …) Regula →Правило →

23 new words: data contract, data producer, data consumer, schema evolution, breaking schema change, data lineage…

data contractdata producerdata consumerschema evolutionbreaking schema changedata lineageprovenance trackingupstream dependencydownstream impactdata catalogdata stewarddata ownerdata quality checkfreshnesscompletenessdata observabilitysemantic layermetric definitionto reconcile numbersgolden datasetdata meshdomain ownershipsilent data corruption

Lesson22

When lawyers and engineers meet

New grammarReporting what sources claim: argue, contend, assert, maintain, acknowledge, concede, dismiss, posit (+ that / + noun) Regula →Правило →

23 new words: legal counsel review, in-house lawyer, outside counsel, legal hold, discovery, privileged communication…

legal counsel reviewin-house lawyeroutside counsellegal holddiscoveryprivileged communicationterms of useindemnitylimitation of liabilitywarrantyrepresentations and warrantiesopen-source compliancelicense auditcopyleft obligationto contendto positto assertto dismiss a claimplain-language contractlegaleseprecedent caseliability exposureto settle out of court

Lesson23

Retention, deletion and the right to be forgotten

Grammar reviewFormal register (review): impersonal passives, the subjunctive, complex prepositions, formal conditionals

24 new words: retention schedule, deletion request, erasure, hard delete, soft delete, tombstone record…

retention scheduledeletion requesterasurehard deletesoft deletetombstone recordcrypto-shreddingbackup retentionlegal retention requirementdata subject requestsubject access requestdeadline to respondidentity verificationverification fraudcascading deletionorphaned datadata inventorydata mapto purgeto redactredactionirretrievablearchival storagedeletion certificate

Lesson24

Revise and check: the privacy impact assessment

Grammar reviewReview: formal conditionals, formulaic subjunctive, complex noun phrases, reporting what sources claim

21 new words: privacy impact assessment, likelihood, residual risk, inherent risk, risk owner, risk treatment…

privacy impact assessmentlikelihoodresidual riskinherent riskrisk ownerrisk treatmentto accept a riskto transfer a riskto avoid a riskrisk appetite statementmitigating controlcompensating controlsign-off authorityescalation thresholdstakeholder consultationnecessity and proportionalityproportionatedisproportionatereasonable expectationprivacy-enhancing technologyassessment outcome

Unit 5

AI strategy

Lesson25

The AI strategy deck

New grammarCollocations of degree: adverb + adjective intensifiers and downtoners (deeply flawed, highly unlikely, utterly convinced, vastly overrated, mildly concerned) Regula →Правило →

23 new words: AI strategy, AI readiness, use-case inventory, value at stake, AI governance board, model portfolio…

AI strategyAI readinessuse-case inventoryvalue at stakeAI governance boardmodel portfoliobuild on foundation modelsdata moatcompetitive moatto commoditize modelsAI-nativeAI washingpilot purgatoryproof-of-concept graveyardto scale beyond pilotschange managementvastly overrateddeeply flawedhighly unlikelyutterly convincedmildly concernedremotely plausibleblindingly obvious

Lesson26

AI agents in the enterprise

New grammarAdvanced negation: far from…, anything but…, nothing short of…, not remotely…, by no stretch of the imagination, not least because… Regula →Правило →

23 new words: AI agent, tool use, function calling, orchestration layer, multi-agent system, planner…

AI agenttool usefunction callingorchestration layermulti-agent systemplannerexecutorautonomy levelhuman approval stepaction spacesandboxed executionpermission scoperunaway agentinfinite loopcost blowoutreversibility of actionssafe failureagent evaluationtask success ratefar fromanything butnothing short ofnot least because

Lesson27

Cost, latency and quality

New grammarAdvanced cleft sentences: It wasn't until… that…, All we did was…, The last thing we need is…, What happened was…, It's not that…, it's that… Regula →Правило →

22 new words: inference cost, cost per request, token budget, latency target, time to first token, throughput ceiling…

inference costcost per requesttoken budgetlatency targettime to first tokenthroughput ceilingquality-cost trade-offmodel routingmodel cascadesmall language modeldistillationquantizationcaching responsessemantic cachestreaming responsecold-start latencyunit economicsmargin pressureto right-size a modelgood-enough qualitydiminishing returnsprice-performance

Lesson28

Model risk and red teaming

New grammarWill and would for assumption, characteristic behaviour and refusal (That'll be the cache. It will keep doing that. The model wouldn't answer.) Regula →Правило →

24 new words: model risk, model risk management, red team exercise, adversarial prompt, harmful output, refusal rate…

model riskmodel risk managementred team exerciseadversarial promptharmful outputrefusal rateover-refusalunder-refusalsafety evaluationcapability evaluationmisuse scenariojailbreak attemptbias audittoxicityrobustnessdistribution shiftfailure analysisincident taxonomyseverity scalerisk tieringmodel validationindependent validationkill criterialaunch gate

Lesson29

AI and the craft of programming

SkillsUseful phrases for speculating and debating the future (I wouldn't rule out…, The jury is still out on…, It remains to be seen whether…, I'd go so far as to say…)

21 new words: craftsmanship, software craft, deliberate practice, deskilling, automation complacency, skill atrophy…

craftsmanshipsoftware craftdeliberate practicedeskillingautomation complacencyskill atrophycode comprehensionto reason about codetacit knowledgepair programming with AIto delegate to a modelto verify outputtrust calibrationoverreliancecognitive offloadingthe jury is still outit remains to be seenend of programmingliteracyto stay sharpdeep understanding

Lesson30

Revise and check: briefing the board on AI

Grammar reviewReview: collocations of degree, advanced negation, cleft sentences, will and would for assumption and refusal, speculating phrases

23 new words: board briefing, non-executive director, fiduciary duty, duty of care, oversight responsibility, board pack…

board briefingnon-executive directorfiduciary dutyduty of careoversight responsibilityboard packstrategic riskreputational riskregulatory exposurematerial riskdisclosure obligationto brief upwardplain-English summaryto anticipate board questionsboard-level metricinvestment askstaged fundinggo/no-go decisionstage gateto pause a programaccountability mapdirector educationtone from the top

Unit 6

Crisis and reputation

Lesson31

When the news breaks

New grammarThe narrative present and headline grammar (So I'm sitting there and my phone goes off…; Bank Hit By Outage; CEO To Step Down) Regula →Правило →

23 new words: breaking news, news cycle, headline writer, social media storm, pile-on, screenshot evidence…

breaking newsnews cycleheadline writersocial media stormpile-onscreenshot evidenceto break the storyexclusivescoopleaked memowhistleblower accountanonymous sourceon the recordoff the recordon backgroundembargoednews deskto make the front pageto dominate the headlinesreputational hitto spiralto get ahead of the storyfirst-mover narrative

Lesson32

The public statement

New grammarImpersonal and passive structures for responsibility: mistakes were made, it has come to our attention, it is regrettable that, we take full responsibility for Regula →Правило →

22 new words: public statement, apology statement, non-denial, to take full responsibility, to deflect blame, passive voice of evasion…

public statementapology statementnon-denialto take full responsibilityto deflect blamepassive voice of evasionto come to our attentionregrettableunreservedlyout of an abundance of cautionto reach out to affected customersremedial actionindependent reviewthird-party investigationto cooperate fullytransparency commitmentto own the mistakecorporate speakweasel wordsto strike the right tonetone-deafheartfelt

Lesson33

Facing the media

SkillsUseful phrases for media interviews: bridging, blocking and flagging (What's really important here is…, I can't speculate on…, The key point is…)

20 new words: media interview, media training, key messages, to bridge, bridging phrase, to block a question…

media interviewmedia trainingkey messagesto bridgebridging phraseto block a questionto flag a pointsoundbiteto go off-messageloaded questiongotcha questionno commenton-camerapre-interviewambush interviewdoorstepto stay on messageto repeat the questionto correct the recordspokesperson

Lesson34

When the regulator calls

New grammarModal verbs in formal documents: shall, shall not, may not, is to, must not, shall be liable, may at its discretion Regula →Правило →

23 new words: regulator inquiry, formal investigation, request for information, enforcement notice, consent order, undertaking…

regulator inquiryformal investigationrequest for informationenforcement noticeconsent orderundertakingremediation plancompliance deadlinesupervisory authorityon-site inspectionwhistleblowing channelto self-reportvoluntary disclosuremitigating factoraggravating factorstatutory dutyto be in breach ofshallat its discretionliablesanctionfine calculationregulatory dialogue

Lesson35

Rebuilding trust

New grammarVague language and approximation in speech: sort of, kind of, -ish, and so on, or something along those lines, give or take, stuff like that Regula →Правило →

20 new words: trust deficit, trust recovery, goodwill credit, customer advisory council, public roadmap, trust center…

trust deficittrust recoverygoodwill creditcustomer advisory councilpublic roadmaptrust centerstatus historyto make amends publiclygrand gestureconsistency over timeto earn backskepticismcynictrack record of deliverycredibility gapto overpromise againquiet competencegive or takealong those linesand so on

Lesson36

Revise and check: the crisis simulation

Grammar reviewReview: the narrative present and headlines, impersonal structures, media phrases, modals in formal documents, vague language

21 new words: crisis simulation, crisis playbook, crisis management team, first hour, golden hour, holding line…

crisis simulationcrisis playbookcrisis management teamfirst hourgolden hourholding lineescalation treespokesperson rotainjectscenario injectafter-action reviewlessons-learned logcrisis fatiguewar gamingto role-playrealistic pressuredry-run statementmedia monitoringsentiment trackingto stand up a teamcrisis cadence

Unit 7

Money, mergers and the business of tech

Lesson37

Engineering budgets and cloud spend

New grammarSpoken discourse markers: mind you, as it happens, I mean, still, then again, come to think of it, if you ask me Regula →Правило →

23 new words: cloud bill, cost anomaly, FinOps, cost visibility, unit cost, cost per customer…

cloud billcost anomalyFinOpscost visibilityunit costcost per customerreserved capacitycommitted use discountspot instancesidle resourceszombie resourcesrightsizingcost centerbudget variancecapexopexdepreciationheadcount budgetto rein in spendingcost-conscious culturemind youas it happenscome to think of it

Lesson38

Due diligence on a target

New grammarInversion after as and than; so / nor + auxiliary (…, as did the CFO; more than did any rival; nor did the auditors) Regula →Правило →

22 new words: technical due diligence, acquisition target, data room, red-flag report, key person risk, code quality assessment…

technical due diligenceacquisition targetdata roomred-flag reportkey person riskcode quality assessmentsecurity postureopen-source exposurelicense contaminationscalability ceilinghidden liabilitiesvaluation adjustmentearn-outretention packageacquirertarget companysynergyintegration riskwalk-away rightconfidentiality agreementto kick the tiresclean bill of health

Lesson39

The acquisition

Grammar reviewReview: the formal future, formal conditionals, noun clauses

22 new words: acquisition announcement, definitive agreement, closing date, regulatory approval, antitrust review, deal timeline…

acquisition announcementdefinitive agreementclosing dateregulatory approvalantitrust reviewdeal timelineto be acquiredintegration planday one readinesstransition services agreementretention bonuscliff vestinggolden handcuffsbrand retirementproduct rationalizationoverlap of productsto wind down a productcustomer migrationsunset noticechange of controltender offerto complete a deal

Lesson40

Integrating two engineering cultures

New grammarIdioms and fixed expressions: how much they can change (bite the bullet, have a lot riding on, it's not rocket science, call the shots → who calls the shots?) Regula →Правило →

20 new words: post-merger integration, integration office, cultural clash, us-and-them, to bite the bullet, to have a lot riding on…

post-merger integrationintegration officecultural clashus-and-themto bite the bulletto have a lot riding onnot rocket scienceto move the goalpoststo rock the boatto step up to the platea tall orderto keep your head downto call the shotsthe new kids on the blockteething problemsto bridge a dividejoint ways of workingshared toolingto harmonize processesintegration fatigue

Lesson41

Exits and the business of selling a company

New grammarFormal reference words: that of, those of, the said…, the same, thereof, therein, the aforementioned Regula →Правило →

20 new words: liquidity, secondary sale, initial public offering, direct listing, lockup period, market capitalization…

liquiditysecondary saleinitial public offeringdirect listinglockup periodmarket capitalizationprospectusroadshowinvestor relationsquarterly earningsearnings callshareholder valueactivist investortake-private dealprivate equityleveraged buyoutstrategic buyerfinancial buyerthereoftherein

Lesson42

Revise and check: the merger memo

Grammar reviewReview: discourse markers, inversion after as and than, idioms, formal reference words

22 new words: merger memo, integration thesis, value creation plan, cost synergies, revenue synergies, dis-synergy…

merger memointegration thesisvalue creation plancost synergiesrevenue synergiesdis-synergyintegration milestonesharmonization roadmapsystems consolidationdata migration riskcustomer churn risktalent flightkey talent listintegration budgetone-time costsrun-rate savingspayback horizonsteering committeeintegration scorecardrealistic synergyto reconcile culturesboard approval

Unit 8

Persuasion and public communication

Lesson43

Keynote rhetoric

SkillsUseful phrases and devices for keynote rhetoric: the rule of three, contrast, rhetorical questions, callbacks, the pause (Imagine a world where…, Not X, but Y…)

25 new words: keynote speech, rhetorical device, rule of three, antithesis, anaphora, signature line…

keynote speechrhetorical devicerule of threeantithesisanaphorasignature linenarrative arcemotional hookto command a roomto land a punchlinecadencepregnant pausecrescendomemorable closeto inspire actionshowmanshipsubstance over styleauthenticitytricolonrousingoratoryoratorapplause lineword pictureto build to a climax

Lesson44

Op-eds and thought leadership

New grammarFronting for style and focus: Gone are the days when…, Central to this is…, Driving the change is…, participle openers Regula →Правило →

21 new words: op-ed, opinion piece, byline article, editorial pitch, news hook, counterpoint…

op-edopinion piecebyline articleeditorial pitchnews hookcounterpointcontrarian takethesis statementto substantiateanecdotal evidencesweeping claimstraw man argumentto steelmanintellectual honestyto ghostwriteeditorial standardsword limitledekickerpull quotegone are the days

Lesson45

Persuading skeptics

New grammar"If" phrases for nuance: if anything, if not, if only to, if at all, if so, if ever, if in doubt Regula →Правило →

21 new words: entrenched view, confirmation bias, motivated reasoning, backfire effect, to meet someone where they are, pilot as proof…

entrenched viewconfirmation biasmotivated reasoningbackfire effectto meet someone where they arepilot as proofsmall winlow-risk trialsocial proofearly convertchampion networkto persuade by exampleevidence thresholdif anythingif at allif everif in doubtto win hearts and mindschange resistanceto co-opt criticsinoculation

Lesson46

Writing for executives

Grammar reviewReview: cohesion, nominal style, cleft sentences for focus

23 new words: decision memo, BLUF, recommendation first, options analysis, status quo option, criteria for decision…

decision memoBLUFrecommendation firstoptions analysisstatus quo optioncriteria for decisionrisk-adjustedassumption logone-line askexecutive attentionskim-friendlyto pre-socializecover notetight proseto over-explainto bury the recommendationreader-firstto anticipate the first questionsummary tableexecutive briefoptions tablebottom-line impactsingle-page rule

Lesson47

Hard conversations at senior level

New grammarPoliteness with continuous forms: I was hoping…, I've been wondering…, Will you be needing…?, We were thinking of… Regula →Правило →

20 new words: performance concern, senior underperformance, executive coaching, 360-degree review, derailer, to raise a sensitive issue…

performance concernsenior underperformanceexecutive coaching360-degree reviewderailerto raise a sensitive issueto lead with curiosityto name the patternradical candorto soften without dilutingto be direct with caredefensivenessto deflect feedbackto sit with discomfortto agree on next stepsperformance improvement planmanaged exitto part on good termsdignitygraceful exit

Lesson48

Revise and check: an idea worth spreading

Grammar reviewReview: keynote devices, fronting for style, "if" phrases, continuous forms for politeness

21 new words: talk curation, speaker coaching, eighteen-minute talk, big idea, idea worth spreading, throughline…

talk curationspeaker coachingeighteen-minute talkbig ideaidea worth spreadingthroughlinepersonal stakevulnerability on stagedata storyvisual metaphorto make the abstract concretestanding room onlyviral talkcurator feedbackrun-throughstagecraftspeaker nervesto own the stageto hit your markclosing imagelasting impression

Unit 9

Language, culture and nuance

Lesson49

Understatement and cross-cultural communication

New grammarUnderstatement and euphemism: not entirely convinced, a bit of a challenge, somewhat concerning, let go, rightsizing, to pass away Regula →Правило →

23 new words: understatement, euphemism, high-context culture, low-context culture, indirectness, directness…

understatementeuphemismhigh-context culturelow-context cultureindirectnessdirectnessto read the subtextpolite fictionfacesomewhat concerningnot entirely convincedinteresting choiceto lose something in translationcultural decoderintercultural competenceto code-switchlingua francaglobal Englishplain international Englishto tone downveiled criticismcultural normsto take at face value

Lesson50

Humor at work

SkillsUseful phrases for irony, banter and knowing when not to joke (Well, that went well., Said no one ever., I'm only half joking.)

23 new words: banter, irony, sarcasm, deadpan, self-deprecating humor, in-joke…

banterironysarcasmdeadpanself-deprecating humorin-jokerunning joketo rib someoneto take the mickeyto lighten the moodgallows humorto fall flatto misfireto cross the linepunching downto laugh it offtongue-in-cheekto be in on the jokedry witcomic reliefsaid no one everhalf jokinghumor gap

Lesson51

Reading between the lines

New grammarPrepositional verbs at C2: account for, attest to, adhere to, defer to, refrain from, abstain from, allude to, verge on Regula →Правило →

20 new words: subtext, implication, to allude to, to hint at, to attest to, to adhere to…

subtextimplicationto allude toto hint atto attest toto adhere toto defer toto refrain fromto abstain fromto verge onto account fortacitloaded silencetelling detailnonverbal cuetone of an emailconnotationto misconstrueambiguous wordingfaint praise

Lesson52

English as a global language at work

New grammarNoun + noun, 's or of: the system owner, the system's owner, the owner of the system — when to use which Regula →Правило →

23 new words: global workforce, native-speaker bias, accent bias, linguistic insecurity, language barrier, shared vocabulary…

global workforcenative-speaker biasaccent biaslinguistic insecuritylanguage barriershared vocabularycontrolled languagesimplified technical Englishmachine translationpost-editingtranscreationidiom-freeclarification requestnon-native speakerto level the linguistic fieldEnglish proficiencyworking languagemother tonguesecond-language speakerplain wordingto rephrase for claritycomprehension checkterminology database

Lesson53

Writing with precision

New grammarArticles and determiners at C2: generic the / a / zero article, the + adjective (the uninitiated), such a / what a, any vs some for nuance Regula →Правило →

24 new words: vagueness, terse, pleonasm, tautology, jargon creep, buzzword bingo…

vaguenesstersepleonasmtautologyjargon creepbuzzword bingohedge wordqualifierabsolute statementspecificityconcrete examplethe uninitiatedreader burdento define termsstyle sheetto tighten proseediting passeconomy of wordsexactitudesemantic driftto disambiguateloose languageimpreciseoverstatement

Lesson54

Revise and check: the international summit

Grammar reviewReview: understatement, humor phrases, prepositional verbs, noun + noun / 's / of, articles at C2

23 new words: international summit, delegation, plenary session, simultaneous interpretation, interpreter, seating plan…

international summitdelegationplenary sessionsimultaneous interpretationinterpreterseating planjoint communiqueside meetingbilateral meetingconsensus wordingto water downdiplomatic languagecultural faux pasgaffeto smooth overnetworking dinnerfollow-up commitmentshost countrysummit agendapress poolinterpreting boothworking lunchdiplomatic incident

Unit 10

Leadership and legacy

Lesson55

The CTO's first board meeting

Grammar reviewReview: formal register — the formal future, formal conditionals, complex prepositions, modals in formal documents

20 new words: board of directors, board chair, independent director, board committee, audit committee, risk committee…

board of directorsboard chairindependent directorboard committeeaudit committeerisk committeeboard minutesquorumto recuse yourselfconflict of interestboardroom dynamicsexecutive sessionboard evaluationgovernance calendarannual general meetingshareholder resolutionboard compositiontechnology expertise on boardsto report to the boardto field a hostile question

Lesson56

Technology, regulation and society

Grammar reviewReview: conditionals of every kind, including inverted, mixed and formal (in the event that, given that)

22 new words: public policy, policymaker, lawmaker, bill, public consultation, evidence-based policy…

public policypolicymakerlawmakerbillpublic consultationevidence-based policyregulatory capturelight-touch regulationprecautionary principleinnovation-friendlyunintended policy consequencesdigital rightsnet neutralityonline safetyage verificationalgorithmic accountabilitycivil societytech policy expertto testifyhearingselect committeepublic interest technologist

Lesson57

Mentoring the next generation

Grammar reviewReview: modal verbs and their nuances — will / would for assumption, modal perfects for criticism, tentative suggestions

23 new words: reverse mentoring, career sponsor, protege, apprentice, to pass on wisdom, hard-won lessons…

reverse mentoringcareer sponsorprotegeapprenticeto pass on wisdomhard-won lessonswar storiesdevelopmental feedbackgrowth edgeto outgrow a mentorlegacy of peoplesuccession planto groom a successorbench strengthto let them fail safelysage adviceto take someone under your wingrole-modelingguiding handmentoring circleto nurture talenttalent pipelinecareer crossroads

Lesson58

The long view: writing your story

Grammar reviewReview: narrative forms — the narrative present, the future in the past, inversion and fronting for effect

24 new words: memoir, autobiography, ghostwritten memoir, narrative voice, chapter outline, formative years…

memoirautobiographyghostwritten memoirnarrative voicechapter outlineformative yearsorigin storyreflective writingunreliable narratorto embellishself-mythologyto settle scoresto set the record straightposthumousepiloguededicationacknowledgmentsbook launchreading tourrecollectionvivid memoryto chroniclefirst-person accountpersonal archive

Lesson59

Technology and the human future

Grammar reviewReview: speculation and stance — formal future, hedging, stance adverbials, if-phrases

21 new words: human flourishing, technological determinism, techno-optimism, techno-pessimism, digital humanism, human agency…

human flourishingtechnological determinismtechno-optimismtechno-pessimismdigital humanismhuman agencymeaningful workattention as a resourcedigital well-beinglongtermismexistential riskcivilizational challengestewardship of technologyintergenerational responsibilityto shape the futureto be shaped byhuman-centered designmoral imaginationto hold two ideas at onceguarded optimismwisdom gap

Lesson60

Revise and check: your leadership manifesto

Grammar reviewReview: all the course grammar

25 new words: manifesto, leadership philosophy, operating principles, personal values, to put it in writing, to stand for something…

manifestoleadership philosophyoperating principlespersonal valuesto put it in writingto stand for somethingto live bycredopublic commitmentleadership brandto evolve your viewslegacy statementto leave things betterparting wordsvaledictoryfinal reflectionto close a chapterto pass the torchonwardguiding starto hold yourself accountablevalue-drivenpersonal missionlasting contributionto lead with integrity

Despre cursul English for IT, nivelul Advanced

Acest curs de engleză online este destinat profesioniștilor din IT care au nevoie de nivelul Advanced pentru a interacționa fără efort cu parteneri internaționali, fondatori și board-uri de directori. Dacă ești în căutarea unor lecții de engleză adaptate pentru roluri de leadership tehnic, acest program îți oferă instrumentele lingvistice potrivite pentru a trece de la scrierea codului la stabilirea direcției strategice a unei companii.

Programa include 60 de lecții împărțite în 10 unități tematice esențiale: stabilirea strategiei tehnice, scalarea organizațiilor de inginerie, platform engineering, aspecte legale și de confidențialitate legate de date, strategii AI, gestionarea crizelor și a reputației, fuziuni și achiziții în tech, comunicare publică, nuanțe culturale și leadership. Printre subiectele abordate se numără scrierea unei strategii tehnologice, cariera și promovările, construirea de platforme pentru dezvoltatori, contracte de date, pitch-uri de AI, gestionarea bugetelor de cloud, precum și interacțiunea cu mass-media.

Pe parcursul celor 60 de lecții, vei asimila gramatica avansată necesară unui lider tehnic: clauze nominale, viitorul formal, adverbe de opinie și punct de vedere, comparații avansate, prepoziții complexe, utilizarea pronumelui „it” ca obiect, modalitatea perfectă pentru exprimarea nemulțumirii, construcții absolute, formarea cuvintelor și conversia, inversiunea după expresii de timp, verbe pasive cu două obiecte, condiționale formale, conjunctivul fix, fraze nominale complexe, verbe de raportare, colocații de grad, negația avansată, propoziții cleft avansate, utilizarea lui „will” și „would” pentru presupuneri, prezentul narativ, structuri impersonale pentru asumarea responsabilității, verbe modale în documente formale, limbaj vag, markeri discursivi, referințe formale și punerea în evidență prin fronting.

În plus, vei învăța între 20 și 30 de cuvinte noi per lecție, totalizând 1,346 de termeni de specialitate care vor reveni constant în exerciții pentru o fixare naturală. Metodologia îmbină exerciții interactive pe fiecare pagină, înregistrări audio, texte de citit, un dicționar încorporat cu traduceri în română și rusă, precum și o listă personală de cuvinte, totul adaptat pentru utilizarea pe telefonul mobil.

La finalul acestui nivel, vei putea susține prezentări strategice complexe, vei scrie documentație arhitecturală clară, vei negocia contracte dificile și vei exprima nuanțe subtile în discuțiile cu clienții și investitorii, folosind un limbaj natural, precis și convingător.

Poți începe imediat și complet gratuit: primele 10 lecții sunt deschise oricui, fără a fi nevoie de un cont. Următoarele 10 lecții (11–20) sunt gratuite prin crearea unui cont simplu cu nume și e-mail. Întregul nivel (toate cele 60 de lecții pentru studiu individual) costă doar 210 lei, plătiți o singură dată, oferind acces pe viață și o garanție de rambursare integrală în 14 zile.

Dacă preferi o interacțiune directă, poți opta pentru lecții individuale cu un profesor online. Acestea durează 50 de minute și costă 250 de lei per ședință, prima lecție fiind o ședință de probă complet gratuită. Învață în ritmul tău și du-ți engleza de IT la cel mai înalt nivel profesional.

Întrebări și răspunsuri

Cât costă accesul complet la cursul de Engleză pentru IT?

Accesul la toate cele 60 de lecții pentru studiu individual costă 210 lei, plătiți o singură dată, oferindu-ți acces pe viață. De asemenea, beneficiezi de o garanție de rambursare integrală în primele 14 zile.

Pot încerca lecțiile gratuit înainte de a cumpăra?

Da! Primele 10 lecții sunt complet gratuite și accesibile fără cont. Alte 10 lecții devin gratuite imediat ce te înregistrezi cu numele și adresa de e-mail.

Cum funcționează lecțiile cu un profesor?

Lecțiile cu profesorul se desfășoară online, sunt individuale (unu la unu) și durează 50 de minute. Prețul unei ședințe este de 250 de lei, iar prima lecție de probă este complet gratuită.

О курсе English for IT, уровень Advanced

Этот онлайн-курс английского языка разработан специально для IT-специалистов уровня Advanced, которым необходимо свободно общаться с международными партнерами, фаундерами и советами директоров. Если вы ищете уроки английского онлайн, ориентированные на техническое лидерство и масштабные проекты, этот курс поможет вам уверенно выйти за рамки привычного написания кода.

Программа состоит из 60 уроков, разделенных на 10 ключевых модулей: определение техстратегии, масштабирование инженерных команд, платформенный инжиниринг, данные и право, стратегия в области ИИ, кризис-менеджмент и репутация, слияния и поглощения, публичные выступления, кросс-культурные нюансы и лидерство. Темы уроков охватывают разработку технологической стратегии, карьерные лестницы, создание внутренних платформ для разработчиков, работу с контрактами на данные, питчинг ИИ-стратегий, управление облачными бюджетами и общение с медиа.

На протяжении всех уроков вы освоите продвинутую грамматику: именные кладовые предложения, формальное будущее время, вводные слова точки зрения, сложные сравнения, многокомпонентные предлоги, объектное «it», модальные перфекты для выражения недовольства, абсолютные причастные обороты, словообразование и конверсию, инверсию после указателей времени, пассив с двумя объектами, формальные условные предложения, застывшие сослагательные наклонения, сложные именные группы, глаголы цитирования источников, степени усиления прилагательных, продвинутое отрицание и расщепленные предложения.

Каждый урок содержит от 20 до 30 новых слов (всего 1346 терминов), которые регулярно повторяются в упражнениях для надежного усвоения. Платформа предлагает интерактивные задания, аудиозаписи, тексты для чтения, встроенный словарь с переводом на русский и румынский языки, а также персональный список слов — всё отлично работает прямо на экране вашего смартфона.

По завершении курса вы сможете уверенно проводить стратегические презентации, составлять грамотную техническую документацию, аргументировать свою позицию перед инвесторами и использовать точный, естественный язык профессионального общения.

Начать обучение можно прямо сейчас совершенно бесплатно: первые 10 уроков доступны без регистрации и создания аккаунта. Уроки с 11 по 20 открываются бесплатно после простой регистрации по имени и email. Полный курс (все 60 уроков для самостоятельного изучения) стоит всего 210 леев с бессрочным доступом и гарантией возврата денег в течение 14 дней.

Если вам нужен наставник, вы можете записаться на индивидуальные уроки с преподавателем. Занятия проходят онлайн, длятся 50 минут и стоят 250 леев за урок, причем первое пробное занятие предоставляется бесплатно. Учитесь в удобном темпе и совершенствуйте свой английский для ИИ и IT-индустрии.

Вопросы и ответы

Сколько стоит полный доступ к курсу «Английский для IT»?

Полный доступ ко всем 60 урокам для самостоятельного изучения стоит 210 леев (оплата один раз, доступ навсегда). Также действует гарантия возврата средств в течение 14 дней.

Можно ли начать заниматься бесплатно?

Да, первые 10 уроков доступны абсолютно бесплатно и без создания аккаунта. Еще 10 уроков открываются бесплатно после простой регистрации с указанием имени и электронной почты.

Как проходят уроки с преподавателем?

Занятия проводятся индивидуально в режиме онлайн и длятся 50 минут. Стоимость одного урока составляет 250 леев, а самое первое пробное занятие проводится бесплатно.

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