Contrast and Concession

• We use contrast and concession words to link two opposing ideas in a single sentence. They show that one fact surprises us in view of another.
• Connector
• Usage
• Example
• Although / Even though
• Followed by a subject and a verb
• Even though the golf membership was expensive, Mark joined.
• Whereas / While
• Used to show a direct contrast between two facts
• Laura loves sailing, while Ben prefers golf.
• Despite / In spite of
• Followed by a noun phrase or a gerund
• Despite the high cost of vintage cars, Robert bought one.
• Nevertheless
• Used as an adverb to connect two sentences
• The gear was costly. Nevertheless, James bought it.
• Remember
• Use 'even though' for stronger emphasis than 'although'.
• Always follow 'despite' and 'in spite of' with a noun, pronoun, or -ing form, never with a full clause.
• Use 'whereas' and 'while' to highlight differences between two distinct subjects.
• Place a comma after introductory clauses or transition adverbs like 'nevertheless'.
• Examples
• Although photography gear is pricey, Sarah bought a new camera.
• While David spends money on horse riding, his brother saves every penny.
• Despite splashing out on a new boat, he still enjoys simple walks.
• The repairs cost an arm and a leg; nevertheless, she kept the car.
• Common mistakes
• Despite it was raining, they went sailing in Boston.
• Despite the rain, they went sailing in Boston.
• Although having little money, Kevin bought expensive equipment.
• Although he had little money, Kevin bought expensive equipment.

Complete the sentences

• ___ (even) the gear cost a fortune, Ethan bought it in Seattle. (even) ____
• ___ (despite) the heavy rain, the golf match in Chicago continued. (despite) ____
• Mark loves sailing, ___ (while) his wife prefers staying in New York. (while) ____
• The camera was a money pit; ___, (nevertheless) Rachel loved using it in London. (nevertheless) ____
• ___ (much) as I admire vintage cars, I would never buy one in Detroit. (much) ____
• In spite of ___, (spend) all his savings, Brian enjoyed his hobby. (spend) ____

Sources: photo by Thư Tiêu on Pexels